TL;DR: The August 2003 heat wave caused 14,802 excess deaths in France, and it led to the creation of the national heat plan in 2004. Between 1 and 20 August 2003, France recorded 41,621 deaths against 26,819 expected. The peak came on 12 August, with 2,197 excess deaths in a single day.
The 2003 Heat Wave: What Changed in France | RainViewer Blog
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September 14, 2026
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