There is a fundamental tension between using AI and the cloud while adhering to strict privacy mandates like digital sovereignty and sovereign AI. Encryption of data at rest and in transit is increasingly common, but traditional computing leaves data exposed in system memory during processing—known as data in use—which puts it at risk. To address this challenge, confidential computing has been developed, using hardware-based, attested Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) protecting data confidentiality, data integrity, and code integrity while data is in use. This enables protected collab