Larger than RAM Vector Indexes for Relational Databases

With the advent of modern embedding models, capable of distilling the key traits of arbitrary data (including text, images and audio) into multi-dimensional vectors, the capability to index these vectors and perform similarity queries on them has become table stakes for all database products. There has been a lot of research on this topic over the past decade, but most of it happens in a vacuum: new data structures and algorithms are designed, tested and benchmarked as standalone implementations, attempting to maximize recall and performance without taking in consideration the requirements for