The over $5σ$ Hubble tension continues to motivate modifications of the standard $Λ$-cold-dark-matter ($Λ\rm CDM$) model. The large number of proposed resolutions for the Hubble tension, broadly divided into early- and late-time solutions, motivates phenomenological parametrizations to constrain the viable solution space. Recently, there is a growing interest in unifying early- and late-time solutions.
GPAge: a Global Parameterization based on cosmic Age for some unified early-time and late-time solutions to the Hubble tension
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October 23, 2026
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machinelibrary-ai