Artificial Intelligence in Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review of Methods, Applications and Industrial Challenges

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has grown from a rapid-prototyping tool into a legitimate production technology, yet its broader industrial adoption continues to be constrained by process variability, stochastic defect formation, and the near-impossibility of mapping complex Process Structure Property (PSP) relationships through conventional experimental methods. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have emerged as the primary technical response to these constraints, offering data-driven pathways to optimize parameters, detect anomalies in real time, and reduce development lead t