Carbon dioxide utilization: a review of technologies, barriers, and policies for its deployment

The ever-increasing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions primarily Carbon Dioxide (CO~2~), are adversely impacting the climate at an unprecedented rate, leading to more frequent extreme climate events. Reducing GHG and counteracting climate change can be achieved by decarbonizing energy systems and challenging the status quo of current industrial practices of producing and consuming energy. One solution to reduce the GHG impact is to separate CO~2~ from flue gases and use it as a raw material for industrial processes and products.