How Do We Win the Critical Metal Supply Chain in the 21st Century?

Critical metals—such as copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and rare earth elements (REE)—are foundational to 21st-century technologies, including electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, semiconductors, AI data centers, and defense applications. ‘Winning’ the supply chain means achieving strategic autonomy, reducing vulnerabilities to geopolitical coercion (particularly from China’s dominant position, controlling the majority of global processing and mining […]