Modeling Iron-Air Battery Arbitrage in U.S. Power Markets

In recent years, one of the biggest challenges the American grid faces is maintaining reliability and stable power pricing amid massive forecasted load growth. Batteries don’t bring new generation to the grid but can store energy to reduce electricity curtailments, smooth pricing, and increase grid reliability while discharging. Utility-scale lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have provided a great solution to gas plant ramp rates induced by the end-of-day solar reduction seen in the duck curve , as well as intra-day price smoothing.