Kafka and Temporal address different failure boundaries, and resilient distributed systems often need both rather than one as a substitute for the other. Kafka is built to move ordered, replayable event streams across many consumers and machines, while Temporal is built to keep long-running application logic alive as durable Workflow Executions that recover from crashes, outages, and worker restarts by replaying persisted Event History. The combination becomes compelling when Kafka is used to carry facts and Temporal is used to remember intent, timers, retries, and compensations across the lif