Full-stack observability is the ability to understand what is happening inside a system by examining the telemetry that it produces. Full-stack observability takes that ability and applies it across every layer, from browsers and applications to services, containers, infrastructure, networks, and cloud, so you can trace any problem to its cause without guessing. To implement it, assess what you have, instrument consistently with OpenTelemetry, unify and correlate your data, define SLOs, alert on what matters, control cost, govern access, and keep iterating.