If you’ve ever taken an aspirin in the throes of a headache or fever, you’ve unwittingly benefited from the scientific exploration of the natural world. Specifically, bark from the willow tree, where aspirin’s active ingredient, salicylic acid, was found two centuries ago. Even though salicylic acid was not isolated until the 19th century, the use of willow bark - and other salicylate-containing plants - have been relied upon for thousands of years to treat fever, pain, and inflammation [1].