Amazon SageMaker HyperPod now enhances support for Ray with built-in observability, resilient training, accelerated inference and managed development environments. Ray is a popular open-source framework for scaling AI workloads on a unified compute layer, from data processing and distributed training to reinforcement learning and model serving. Running Ray on Kubernetes at production scale can be an operational burden: job hangs, low GPU utilization from static team allocations, and multi-step observability setup.